تدخل القانون الدولي في مجال علاقة الدولة برعاياها

Adnan Dawoud  Abd

doi:10.55716/jjps.2024.13.1.10

Authors

Adnan Dawoud Abd University of Diyala-College of Law And Political Science

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55716/jjps.2024.13.1.10%20

Keywords:

Nationals of the state, the Reserved Sphere of the State, State Power.

Abstract

The development of international relations between states and their interconnection has led to a significant overlap in powers and competencies between national laws and international law, and this has affected the area of relationship between the state and its nationals. Some international rules have been developed to be applied in the internal system of states because their purpose relates specifically to the regime or status of individuals, and the foremost of these rules are those related to human rights. International law has sought to integrate these nationals into the framework of the international community, and for this reason international conventions have tended to develop a variety of international rules that address these nationals directly and grant them rights and impose obligations on them.

Moreover, in cases where there are widespread violations of the rights of these nationals that endanger International Peace and Security, the UN Security Council can take the necessary measures to achieve the cessation of these violations and eliminate their consequences. By doing so, it adapts the absolute concept of state sovereignty, and it becomes a relative concept through which some of the rights of individual subjects of the state depart from their reserved sphere and become bound by international norms and standards.

References

أولاً: الكتب:

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VII. د. عبد الله على عبو، القانون الدولي العام، مكتبة يادكار لنشر الكتب القانونية، دهوك، 2015.

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ثانياً: الرسائل و الاطاريح:

I. بوكرا ادريس، الضغوط الاقتصادية الفردية في العلاقات، أطروحة دكتوراه، كلية الحقوق، بن عنكون، الجزائر، 1995.

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ثالثاً: البحوث:

I. د. بن لخضر محمد، أساس القوة الإلزامية لقواعد القانون الدولي وسيادة الدول، مجلة القانون، المركز الجامعي، الجزائر، العدد(8)، 2017.

II. شعبان لامية، دور الموائمة التشريعية في إنفاذ نظام روما في التشريع الوطني، مجلة الحقوق والحريات، مج(1)، ع(1)، 2022.

III. غردا بن خديجة، بن مصطفى عبدالله، الاختصاصات السيادية الداخلية للدولة، مجلة معالم للدراسات القانونية والسياسية، ع(3)، 2018.

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رابعاً: الاعلانات والاتفاقيات:

I. اتفاقية جنيف المتعلقة بحماية المدنيين وقت الحرب لعام 1949.

II. اتفاقية جنيف المتعلقة بمعاملة أسرى الحرب 1949.

III. الإعلان العالمي لحقوق ال انسان1948.

IV. العهد الدولي بشأن الحقوق المدنية والسياسية لعام 1966.

V. العهد الدولي الخاص بالحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية لعام 1966.

VI. الاتفاقية الدولية للقضاء على جميع أشكال التمييز العنصري 1965.

VII. ميثاق منظمة الأمم المتحد لعام 1945.

VIII. اتفاقية حقوق الطفل 1989.

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X. اتفاقية القضاء على جميع أشكال التمييز ضد المرأة 1979.

خامساً: المصادر الإلكترونية:

I. International Investment Agreements, available on the website;

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III. Europol: Protection diplomatique et consulaire.

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IV. The General Assembly، Repertory of Practice، Vol. 1, 1955.

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VI. http://www.europorl.en int/comporl/tbc/elj/charter art46/default fr.htm

VII. international." La CPJI, dans arrêt du 31 août 1924.

VIII. n'ont pas obtenir satisfaction par les voies ordinaires, ce faisant l'Etat fait valoir sont droit propre, le droit qu'il a de faire respecter en la personne de ses nationaux, le droit

IX. pratiquer ses nationaux, lésés par des autres contraires au DI, commun par autre Etat, dont il

X. Preliminary Reflections, 10 EUR. J. INT’L L. 144, 145 (1999).

XI. Theodor Meron, The Case for War Crimes Trials in Former Yugoslavia, Foreign Aff. (Summer 1993).

XII. TRIBUNALS 233, 234 (Chiara Giorgetti ed., 2012); see also Robert D. Sloane, The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, in THE RULES, PRACTICE, AND JURISPRUDENCE OF INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS 261, 262 (Chiara Giorgetti ed., 2012)

XIII. "C'est un principe élémentaire du droit international que celui-ci autorise l'Etat de

XIV. LaGrand Case (Ger. v. U.S.), Judgment, 2001 I.C.J. Rep 466, 494, 497 (June 27) (“Based on the text of these provisions, the Court concludes that Article 36, paragraph 1, creates individual rights, which, by virtue of Article 1 of the Optional Protocol, may be invoked in this Court by the national State of the detained person.

XV. Case Concerning Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Guinea v. Dem. Rep. Congo), Preliminary Objections Judgment, 2007 I.C.J. 582, 599 (May 24).

XVI. Chiara Giorgetti, op.cit.

XVII. Chiara Giorgetti, Rethinking the Individual in International Law, University of Richmond - School of Lawcgiorget@richmond.edu ,2019.

XVIII. Hans Kelsen, The Law of United Nations, London, 1951, p.783; Korowicz, Introduction in International Law, Heague, 1964, p.166; Rajan. M. S., United Nations and Domestic Jurisdiction, 196.

XIX. Id. at art. 6(1); id. at art. 8(1). “The International Tribunal for Rwanda and national courts shall have concurrent jurisdiction to prosecute persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens for such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994.”

XX. PAUL Gordon Lauren, the Evolution of International human right, (2d ed. 2003) , p. 109.

XXI. Prosecutor v. Kanyabashi, Case No. ICTR 96-15-T, Decision on The Defence Motion on Jurisdiction ¶ 34, (Int’l Crim. Trib. For Rwanda June 18, 1997).

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XXIV. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, July 17, 1998, 2187 U.N.T.S. 3 [hereinafter Rome Statute].

XXV. S.C. Res. 2136 (2014) .

XXVI. S.C. Res. 2178 1. (Sept. 24, 2014).

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XXVIII. generally Antonio Cassese, The Statute of the International Criminal Court: Some

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XXXIII. W. Michael Reisman, Sovereignty and Human Rights in Contemporary International Law, 84 AM. J. INT’L L. 866, 871 (1990) (arguing that the international law of human rights rendered much of the pre-existing international law anachronistic.(

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VIII. Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989.

IX. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1984

X. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 1979.

International Law Intervenes In The Field of The State’s Relationship With Its Nationals

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