Political empowerment of women in successive Iraqi constitutions A comparative study

Abstract

Study topics on issues related to women are of great
importance, including the topic of political empowerment, which
means the use of policies and procedures that aim to support women’s
participation in public life through participation in decision-making
and formulation of policies that have a direct impact on the political
system and its various institutions. International covenants and
conventions have influenced the principle of equality between men
and women, and their provisions have worked to reduce the gender
gap and eliminate discrimination in all its forms in light of women
holding government positions. It is appreciated that the topic of the
research relates to Iraqi women, as the issue of their political
empowerment has gained great importance and has been achieved
There has been progress in terms of Iraqi women assuming state
positions and their contribution to political decision-making. The
political and constitutional history in Iraq indicates that the issue of women’s empowerment has varied from one constitution to another,
starting from the 1925 constitution, which belittled women’s rights
and did not explicitly refer to them, through the constitutions of the
Republican era before the year 2003, up to the permanent and
effective Constitution of Iraq for the year 2005, which witnessed a
great development in its explicit and clear reference to women in
more than one place, which is what is discussed in detail in this
research.